How do Results Look and What do They Mean? 

Comments for this sample individual: These sample results are for a North American of European descent. 

Part A: Genetic Profile: Your unique genetic profile includes your allele values for 13 genetic markers distributed throughout your autosomal chromosomes.  At each locus, you have two values: one allele inherited from your father and one allele inherited from your mother, for a total of 26 dimensions used to compute your geographic ancestry.  Values from nine of these markers are used to compute Native and Global population matches, while values from all thirteen markers are used to compute high resolution World Region matches.

Comments for this sample individual: At each locus, this individual inherited one allele value from their mother and one from their father.  Each allele value is a number representing repeats of a particular genetic sequence.  For instance, at locus TH01, this individual has inherited one allele of length 6 (6 repeats) and an allele of length 9.3 (9.3 repeats).  Because these alleles are passed down independently on separate chromosomes, it would be necessary to test a parent to determine which parent passed down which allele.  This DNA profile serves as a genetic fingerprint for this person.  This collection of allele values is used to compute a person's connections to individual populations and world regions. 

Part B: Native Population Match: Tribal DNA Analysis identifies your Top 20 matches in a database of all native populations that have experienced minimal movement and admixture in the last 500 years.  Individual matches do not necessary indicate recent social or cultural affiliation with a particular ethnicity.  Instead, the geographical distribution of your Native Population Match results indicates your most likely deep ancestral origins.

 

 

Comments for this sample individual: The Top 20 Native population matches for this individual all fall within Europe.  Individual scores do not indicate a person's percentage of individual ethnic groups.  Instead, they indicate where a DNA profile is most frequent.  The strongest match is with a Norwegian sample, where this individual's DNA profile is 28.4 times as likely as in the world as a whole.  However, this DNA profile can be found in other nearby European nations at similar frequencies.  For instance, the score for Sweden is 17.3, indicating this DNA profile is 28.4 / 17.3 = 1.64 times as likely in Norway as in Sweden. 

For this individual, Norway would be the most likely population of origin, but other ethnic origins such as Austrian, Irish or Dutch cannot be excluded.  It is also possible this individual could be of Italian or French heritage but has inherited genetic markers that are more typical of more northerly parts of Europe. 

Part C: Global Population Match: In this section we provide your Top 20 matches in a database of all global populations, including native peoples as well as Diaspora groups that expanded from their homelands and sometimes admixed with other populations in recent history. The geographical distribution of these matches indicates your closest genetic relatives today and peoples whose blend of geographical ancestry is most similar to your own. 

Comments for this sample individual: These Global results include not just native European populations but also the European Diaspora.  For instance, this individual's DNA profile can be found in Canadian Caucasians, Brazilians from Santa Catarina, Puerto Ricans and Virginia Caucasians at similar frequencies.  Global matches do not mean this individual's ancestors came from the Brazil or Virginia, but indicate places where Caucasians of a similar genetic background live today. 

Part D: High Resolution World Region Match: World Region Match measures your genetic connections to twenty three world regions:

Comments for this sample individual: World region results provide the best general picture of a person's genetic connections to the world.  They can often clarify individual Native and Global population match results when they are difficult to interpret. For instance, this individual's DNA profile is most frequent in Eastern Europe and Northwest Europe. This is consistent with the distribution of both Native and Global population matches, which are concentrated within these regions. 

To be more precise, this individual's DNA profile is most frequent in Eastern Europe, where it is 21.2 times as likely as in the world.  Substantial scores (>1.0) also include Northern Europe, the Mediterranean, Asia Minor, Finno-Ugrian and Sub-Saharan African.  These secondary affiliations indicate this DNA profile can also be found at lower frequencies in other world regions. 

Scores can be compared to each other to give relative frequency: for instance. This DNA profile is 21.2 / 15.4 = 1.37 times as frequent in Eastern Europe as in Northwestern Europe.  This indicates that while this person's DNA is most common in Eastern Europe, it is nearly as common in Northwestern Europe. However, this DNA profile is 21.2 / 4.2  = 5.0 times as frequent in Eastern Europe as in the Finno-Ugrian region, indicating a stronger difference between these two regions. 

All scores are measured against the Generic Human Index of 1.0.  Scores above 1.0 are more frequent in that region than in the world, while scores below 1.0 are more frequent in the world than in that region.  For instance, this individual's score for North India is 0.5, indicating this DNA profile is 1.0 / 0.5 = 2 times as likely in the world as in North India.  

Summary Comments: Tribal DNA Analysis results for this person provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of their European ancestry including their closest genetic relatives amongst ethnic groups in Europe and the European Diaspora as well as precise measurements of where their DNA profile can be found in 23 world regions.